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Captain America: The Winter Soldier
is a 2014 American superhero film
featuring the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel
Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel
to 2011's Captain America: The First Avenger and the ninth installment in the
Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo,
with a screenplay by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, who had also worked
in The First Avenger. It stars Chris Evans as Captain America, leading an
ensemble cast that includes Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie,
Cobie Smulders, Frank Grillo, Emily VanCamp, Hayley Atwell, Robert Redford, and
Samuel L. Jackson. In Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Captain America,
Black Widow, and Falcon join forces to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D.
while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier.
A major influence in The Winter Soldier was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s
such as Three Days of the Condor, with the script also drawing from the Winter
Soldier story arc written by Ed Brubaker. The script was written in 2011, with
the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting
beginning the following month. Principal photography commenced in April 2013 in
Los Angeles, California before moving to Washington, D.C. and Cleveland, Ohio.
While the directors aimed for more realism, with focus on practical effects and
intense stunt work, 2,500 visual effects shots were done by six different
companies.
Captain America: The Winter Soldier premiered in Los Angeles on March 13, 2014.
It was released internationally on March 26, 2014 and in North America on April
4, 2014, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D. The film became a critical and commercial
success, grossing over $714 million worldwide. A sequel titled Captain America:
Civil War set to be directed by the Russo brothers is scheduled for release on
May 6, 2016.
Actors|
|
Chris Evans |
Scarlett Johansson | |
Samuel L. Jackson | |
Robert Redford | |
Sebastian Stan | |
Anthony Mackie | |
Cobie Smulders | |
Frank Grillo | |
Hayley Atwell | |
Emily VanCamp | |
Toby Jones | |
Director|
|
Anthony Russo |
Joe Russo | |
Captain America by Joe Simon Jack Kirby | |
Composer|
|
Henry Jackman |
Cinematography|
|
Trent Opaloch |
Edit|
|
Jeffrey Ford |
Writers|
|
Christopher Markus (screenplay) |
Stephen McFeely (screenplay) | |
Victoria Alonso (executive) | |
Louis D'Esposito (executive) | |
Kevin Feige | |
Alan Fine (executive) | |
Michael Grillo (executive) | |
Stan Lee (executive) | |
Production company|
|
Marvel Studios |
Distributed|
|
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |
Release dates|
|
March 13, 2014 (El Capitan Theatre) |
April 4, 2014 (United States) | |
Running time|
|
136 minutes |
Country|
|
United States |
Language|
|
English |
As Steve Rogers struggles to embrace his role in the modern world, he teams up with another super soldier, the black widow, to battle a new threat from old history: an assassin known as the Winter Soldier.
Writing
McFeely said the writing process begun in the middle of 2011, around the release of The First Avenger, with him and Markus "noodling on in hopes that there would be a second one and we did a lot of just throwing stuff at the wall and seeing what stuck".[60] The first few months of writing were a back and forth process with Marvel, but that after an outline was finished, the story did not change much.[61] They opted to set the story in the present day, and, after "experimenting with flashback elements for more period World War II stuff",[62] decided to abandon the flashbacks as "it became unwieldy."[60] The film would be "Cap versus the world we all live in today",[63] while averting excessive comedy regarding the hero's time displacement, as Markus considered the Captain "the most adaptive man on the planet."[60] The tone would be more grounded in reality despite the advanced technology to contrast the fantasy elements from both the first Captain America and The Avengers.[63] Despite that, the comic book origins guaranteed that the film would not have verisimilitude.[36] This still proved a challenge in the reveal of Arnim Zola, that had to be extensively rewritten to convey how "this grounded espionage paranoid thriller suddenly screeches to a halt and you switch gears really quickly with this ghost in the machine" that introduces more science fiction elements.[64]
Markus and McFeely wanted to adapt Ed Brubaker's Winter Soldier storyline from the comics, which they described as "the tone of Cap’s modern franchise",[65] but it took the duo six months to convince themselves that they could do it.[16] In the meantime, while thinking how to progress from the war film tone of The First Avenger, the writers settled on the conspiracy genre for the screenplay, and cited Three Days of the Condor, The Parallax View, and Marathon Man as influences, feeling it better conveyed Captain America's trust issues and contrasting values in the new world he was living in,[16] with Markus saying, "If you put that 1940s man into present day geo-politics everything is going to seem like a conspiracy. It’s just going to seem dirty and underhanded and shifty, and people won’t be telling the truth."[65] Three Days of the Condor in particular was used as the main source of the script structure, following the idea that the protagonist is being chased by a threat they, along with the audience, only discover halfway through the film.[36]
The writers felt this approach was similar to how Stan Lee reinvented Captain America in the 1960s and 1970s, with "the Captain dealing with all sorts of the same things that the country [was] dealing with–Vietnam, Watergate and all that stuff–so he gets to have opinions on that", thus making the "guy who is ostensibly from the more black and white 1940s react to this ultimately grey world that we live in."[66] Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige described the film as a political thriller,[67] and as the duo struggled to figure out a third act, Feige suggested that S.H.I.E.L.D. be brought down and have Captain America fight the agency. The writers thought this was a great story point, for implementing "the physical manifestation of Cap changing the world."[68] Markus even noted how the 1970s comics had similar conspiracies.[65] The Hydra reveal made sure to include returning characters among the undercover villains, as well as references to the comics such as Arnim Zola being kept alive as a machine.[63] Feige later elaborated on the political thriller nature of the film saying,
In our attempt to make all of our films feel unique and feel different we found ourselves going back to things like [Three Days of the Condor]. Also the other political thrillers of the '70s: The Parallax View, All the President's Men. This was a time that Cap existed in in the comics. He found himself in the swinging '60s followed by the Watergate Era followed by the Reagan Era followed by where we are today. In the comics it was a hell of a journey for Steve. And we couldn't take him through those years because in our cinematic universe he was asleep. But we wanted to force him to confront that kind of moral conundrum, something with that '70s flavor. And in our film that takes the form of S.H.I.E.L.D.[69]
Feige stated that Steve Rogers would be paired with other characters from The Avengers like Black Widow and Nick Fury, because unlike Tony Stark and Thor, who could return to their own supporting casts, Rogers had nowhere else to go, "and it just made sense that he was the one that stayed with what remains of the Avengers at the end of the film.”[70] The writers considered including Hawkeye, but "he didn’t have enough to do and suddenly it seemed like we were giving him short shrift", leading all of his parts to be fulfilled by Black Widow,[65] and Joe Russo adding that Jeremy Renner's schedule could not be worked out for him to appear.[71] As to why the Red Skull from The First Avenger did not appear in The Winter Soldier, Joe Russo explained, "I know we have a guy in a computer, but the tone we were chasing was sort of that conspiracy thriller. And we wanted to try and ground the movie as much as we could. And Red Skull, he’s a fantastical character and didn’t necessarily fit for Cap 2 and especially because it was about the fall of S.H.I.E.L.D. Certainly Hydra exists and that’s his legacy, but there’s something interesting about the fact that his legacy outlived the skull. And they’re still dealing with the demons of it, but not necessarily him.”[72]
Chris McKenna, who worked with the Russo brothers on the sitcom Community, contributed to the script by writing jokes for the film.[73]
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